miercuri, 10 iulie 2013

marți, 9 iulie 2013

DN1

din catavencii

duminică, 7 iulie 2013

100 Urban Trends: A Glossary of Ideas from the BMW Guggenheim Lab/affordable housing/+



In the United States, as in many other countries, “affordable housing” is generally understood to refer to housing for which a household pays no more than 30 percent of its annual income. According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, “Families who pay more than 30 percent of their income for housing are considered cost burdened and may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing, transportation, and medical care.” Recently, there has been a movement to encompass other costs within the definition of affordable housing, as reflected in the MIT/CRE Housing Affordability Initiative’s Housing Affordability Index, which takes other factors into account when determining area affordability, such as adequate access to jobs, school quality, and environmental amenities associated with a residence’s location. Especially in the context of the economic recession, the issue of housing affordability is emerging globally as a pressing subject in both developed and developing countries.
New York Lab Team members ZUS [Zones Urbaines Sensibles] discussed gentrification and the local effects of globalization processes during their time at the Lab. Access to affordable housing emerged as a salient and critical issue in the Lower East Side and New York as a whole.
from 2011 to 2013, the BMW Guggenheim Lab, a mobile think tank for exploring urban life, traveled to New York, Berlin, and Mumbai to inspire innovative ideas for urban design and new ways of thinking about . To sum up the major themes and ideas that emerged during this two-year global journey, the  will present the exhibition Participatory City: 100 Urban Trends from the BMW Guggenheim Lab, on view from October 11, 2013, to January 5, 2014.
“The Guggenheim is proud of the extraordinary achievements of the BMW Guggenheim Lab and the multitude of ideas and conversations it has inspired,” stated Richard Armstrong, Director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and Foundation. “Thanks to the BMW Group’s support and collaboration, the Lab has allowed us to go far beyond our walls and into the heart of cities, stimulating a broad and ongoing dialogue about urban life. It has attracted tens of thousands of enthusiastic participants, on-site and online, and has been recognized by the United Nations as an exemplary project. With this special exhibition at the Guggenheim in New York, we celebrate the learnings of the Lab along with new insights from contributors around the world.”
Participatory City features 100 of the key trends published in the New York, Berlin, and Mumbai editions of 100 Urban Trends: A Glossary of Ideas from the BMW Guggenheim Lab, each illustrated by contributions from a global roster of architects, academics, designers, and artists, as well as Lab programs and projects. The exhibition will represent the trends in an exclusively digital installation through drawings, sketches, short videos, and renderings.
More information can be found here.
Cite:Rosenfield, Karissa. "Participatory City: 100 Urban Trends from the BMW Guggenheim Lab" 06 Jul 2013.ArchDaily. Accessed 07 Jul 2013.

6iulie2013

la biserica armeneasca

vineri, 5 iulie 2013

crystal palace


the Crystal Palace was a glass and cast  structure built in London, England, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The building was designed by Sir , an architect and gardener, and revealed breakthroughs in architecture, construction and design. More on the Crystal Palace after the break…
   
In January 1850 a committee was formed to choose the design for a temporary exhibition building that would showcase the latest technologies and innovations from around the world: The “Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations.” The structure had to be as economical as possible, and be built before the exhibition was scheduled to open on May 1st, 1851. Within 3 weeks the committee received 245 entires, all of which were rejected. It was only after this that Paxton showed his first interest in the project.
Interior view of the Crystal Palace, 1851. © paristeampunk.canalblog.com
Already a famous gardener at the time, Paxton experimented extensively with glasshouse construction. Using combinations of prefabricated cast iron, laminated wood, and standard sized glass sheets, Paxton created the “ridge-and-furrow” roof design. In 1836 this system was used for the first time in the “Great Stove” – the largest glass building at the time.
First sketch for the Great Exhibition Building by Sir Joseph Paxton. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Paxton proceeded to visit Hyde Park, where he quickly doodled his famous concept drawing of the Palace (the sketch is now held in the Victoria and Albert Museum). The drawing included all the basic elements of the building, and within two weeks all calculations and detailed plans were submitted. 
Paxton’ design was based on a 10in x 49in module, the size of the largest glass sheet available at the time. The modular system consisted of right-angled triangles, mirrored and multiplied, supported by a grid of cast iron beams and pillars. These basic units were extremely light and strong and were extended to an incredible length of 564 meters. The design was also influenced by Paxton’s passion for biomimicry; he drew inspiration from the giant leaves of the Victoria Amazonica waterlily. 
Detail © greatbuildings.com
Impressed by the low cost proposal, the committee accepted Paxton’s innovative plan, leaving only 8 months for construction, which commenced immediately in Hyde Park. 5000 workers handled more than 1000 iron columns and 84,000 square meters of glass. All parts were prefabricated and easy to erect, and every modular unit was self supporting,  allowing the workers freedom in assembling the pieces. Thanks to Paxton’s simple and brilliant design, over 18,000 panes of glass sheets were installed per week, and the structure was completed within 5 months.
The Crystal Palace at Sydenham Hill, 1854. Photo by Philip Henry Delamotte © Wikimedia Commons
Queen Victoria wrote in her journal on May 1st 1851 : 
“This day is one of the greatest and most glorious of our lives… It is a day which makes my heart swell with thankfulness… The Park presented a wonderful spectacle, crowds streaming through it, – carriages and troops passing… The Green Park and Hyde Park were one mass of densely crowded human beings, in the highest good humour… before we neared the Crystal Palace, the sun shone and gleamed upon the gigantic edifice, upon which the flags of every nation were flying… The sight as we came to the centre where the steps and chair (on which I did not sit) was placed, facing the beautiful crystal fountain was magic and impressive. The tremendous cheering, the joy expressed in every face, the vastness of the building, with all its decoration and exhibits, the sound of the organ… all this was indeed moving”  
The State Opening of The Great Exhibition in 1851, colour lithograph by Louis Haghe.© Wikimedia Commons
When the exhibition was closed 6 months later, the structure was disassembled and then reassembled in the south London suburb of Sydenham Hill.  Tragically, the building was destroyed in a fire in 1936.
The Crystal Palace at Sydenham Hill, 1854. Photo by Philip Henry Delamotte © Wikimedia Commons
Paxton’s ingenious design created an unprecedented exhibition space. The construction, acting as a self supporting shell, maximized interior space, and the glass cover enabled daylight. The method of construction was a breakthrough in technology and design, and paved the way for more sophisticated pre-fabricated design.
Architects: Joseph Paxton
Location: Hyde Park, London, England, UK
Year : 1851
Year Demolished: 1936
Area: 92000.0 sqm
* Location to be used only as a reference. It could indicate city/country but not exact address. 
Cite:Merin, Gili. "AD Classics: The Crystal Palace / Joseph Paxton" 05 Jul 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Jul 2013.